Which of the following is NOT protected under attorney-client privilege in Ohio?

The concept of attorney-client privilege is designed to encourage open and honest communication between clients and their attorneys, which is fundamental for effective legal representation. This privilege protects confidential communications made for the purpose of seeking legal advice.

In Ohio, communications made for legal advice are protected under this privilege, as they are meant to foster a trusting relationship between the client and their attorney. Likewise, communications related to ongoing disputes are also protected, provided that they are made in the context of seeking legal counsel for that specific dispute.

However, communications made to facilitate a crime or fraud do not receive this protection. Courts recognize that the privilege should not apply when the communication is aimed at furthering illegal activities, as it is contrary to the interests of justice.

On the other hand, while confidential communications regarding business matters could be protected in certain contexts, they do not fall under the strict umbrella of attorney-client privilege unless they directly pertain to legal advice related to those matters. Therefore, in this scenario, the correct answer highlights that communications intended to facilitate a crime or fraud are not protected under attorney-client privilege in Ohio.